1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) is a broad-spectrum, highly effective industrial biocide. Its core application areas concentrate on the preservation of industrial products and materials, particularly excelling in water-based systems, alkaline environments, and high-temperature processes where it demonstrates stability advantages over traditional isothiazolinone biocides.
Main Application Areas
1. Paints, Coatings, and Polymer Emulsions
This is one of BIT’s largest application markets. It is widely used for the preservation of interior and exterior latex paints, polymer dispersions (emulsions), and plasters, effectively preventing microbial spoilage during production and storage. According to EU ECHA assessment data, the use concentration of BIT in paints and detergents is typically in the range of 0.01% – 0.05% (100–500 ppm).
2. Adhesives and Sealants
Used for preservative treatment of various water-based adhesives, including wallpaper adhesives, cardboard/carton adhesives, and polymer emulsion-based adhesives.
3. Textile, Leather, and Paper Processing
In textile production fluids (such as dye liquors, enzyme solutions, and polymer emulsions), leather treatment agents, and paper coating solutions, BIT is used to prevent microbial degradation.
4. Detergents and Cleaning Agents
Used for preservation of laundry detergents, fabric softeners, dishwashing liquids, and household cleaning products to prevent bacterial and fungal growth during storage.
5. Food Contact Materials (Restricted Use)
According to FDA effective Food Contact Notification (FCN 2496), BIT is permitted as a preservative in latex/silicone formulations for metal substrate coatings and polypropylene films, as well as in can-end and side-seam cements, but prohibited for use in contact with infant formula and human milk. Use levels and conditions are strictly limited.
Technical Features and Limitations
BIT exhibits bactericidal and fungicidal activity through inactivation of cellular thiol groups, and has good stability across a broad pH range and at temperatures up to 200°C. Its main limitation is poor water solubility, which to some extent restricts its bioavailability in aqueous systems, and research institutions are attempting to improve its solubility and antimicrobial efficacy through structural modification (such as conjugation with PDMAEMA).